A solar panel is a device that uses the photovoltaic effect to convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. It consists of multiple photovoltaic cells, which are typically made from semiconductor materials such as silicon. When sunlight hits the panel, the photons interact with the electrons in the semiconductor, causing the electrons to move. This flow of electrons is eventually collected and converted into usable DC electrical energy. Solar panels are an important component of clean energy and can be widely used in residential, commercial and industrial areas, making an important contribution to reducing carbon emissions and achieving sustainable energy goals.

As technology continues to advance, solar panels continue to become more efficient, increasing their energy output and economic viability. Currently, there are many types of solar panels on the market, including monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and thin-film solar panels. Each type has its own unique characteristics and applicable scenarios. Monocrystalline silicon panels generally have higher efficiency, while polycrystalline silicon panels have lower manufacturing costs.